{"id":1229,"date":"2018-07-24T18:05:55","date_gmt":"2018-07-24T16:05:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/filoxera\/"},"modified":"2023-07-05T12:03:35","modified_gmt":"2023-07-05T10:03:35","slug":"grapevine-phylloxera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/plant-diseases-pests\/grapevine-phylloxera\/","title":{"rendered":"Grapevine phylloxera"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Grapevine phylloxera originated in North America and spread to Europe. In Greece it was first recorded in 1892-1908 on the islands of the eastern Aegean Sea and in 1898 in Pylaia, Thessaloniki. <strong>Grapevine phylloxera insect had previously caused in Greece the total destruction of vineyards (native vineyards) over a large area<\/strong> and still exists as a problem in Crete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientific name: <strong>Viteus vitifolii<br><\/strong>Other name: <strong>Phylloxera, Grape leaf louse, Grape phylloxera, Vine louse<br><\/strong>Greek name: <strong>\u03a6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03be\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<style id=\"bwg-style-0\">    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails {      width: 1254px;              justify-content: center;        margin:0 auto !important;              background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.00);            padding-left: 4px;      padding-top: 4px;      max-width: 100%;            }        #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item {    justify-content: flex-start;      max-width: 250px;          }    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item a {       margin-right: 4px;       margin-bottom: 4px;    }    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item0 {      padding: 0px;            background-color:rgba(0,0,0, 0.30);      border: 0px none #CCCCCC;      opacity: 1.00;      border-radius: 0;      box-shadow: ;    }    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item1 img {      max-height: none;      max-width: none;      padding: 0 !important;    }         @media only screen and (min-width: 480px) {\t\t#bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item1 img {\t\t\t-webkit-transition: all .3s; transition: all .3s;\t\t}\t\t#bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item1 img:hover {\t\t\t-ms-transform: scale(1.08);\t\t\t-webkit-transform: scale(1.08);\t\t\ttransform: scale(1.08);\t\t}\t\t\t\t.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-zoom-effect .bwg-zoom-effect-overlay {\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color:rgba(0,0,0, 0.3);\t\t}\t\t.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-zoom-effect:hover img {\t\t\t-ms-transform: scale(1.08);\t\t\t-webkit-transform: scale(1.08);\t\t\ttransform: scale(1.08);\t\t}\t\t      }\t    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item1 {      padding-top: 56%;    }        #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-title1 {      position: absolute;      top: 0;      z-index: 100;      width: 100%;      height: 100%;      display: flex;      justify-content: center;      align-content: center;      flex-direction: column;      opacity: 0;    }\t      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-title2,    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 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12px;\t\t\t\tfont-family: Ubuntu;\t\t\t\tfont-weight: bold;\t\t\t\tcolor: #666666;\t\t\t\ttext-decoration: none;\t\t\t\tpadding: 3px 6px;\t\t\t\tmargin: 0;\t\t\t\tborder-radius: 0;\t\t\t\tborder-style: solid;\t\t\t\tborder-width: 1px;\t\t\t\tborder-color: #E3E3E3;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.00);\t\t\t\tbox-shadow: 0;\t\t\t\ttransition: all 0.3s ease 0s;-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;      }      <\/style>      <span class=\"bwg_nav_cont_0\">              <div class=\"tablenav-pages_0\">                  <\/div>                <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"page_number_0\" name=\"page_number_0\" value=\"1\" \/>      <script type=\"text\/javascript\">        if( jQuery('.bwg_nav_cont_0').length > 1 ) {          jQuery('.bwg_nav_cont_0').first().remove()        }        function spider_page_0(cur, x, y, load_more) {          if (typeof load_more == \"undefined\") {            var load_more = false;          }          if (jQuery(cur).hasClass('disabled')) {  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type=\"hidden\" id=\"bwg_random_seed_0\" value=\"1880564906\">                <\/div>    <\/div>    <script>      if (document.readyState === 'complete') {        if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {          if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\").height() ) {            bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\"));          }        }      } else {        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {          if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {            if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\").height() ) {             bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\"));            }          }        });      }    <\/script>    \n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Damage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Five forms of grapevine phylloxera are distinguished, two of which cause direct damage: <strong>rhizobia<\/strong>, which attacks and destroys the roots of European cultivars (secondary hosts) and <strong>phyllobia<\/strong>, which spots the leaves of American cultivars (primary hosts). They wet and suck the rhizomes and roots of the vine causing the formation of phyllodes on the rhizomes and nodules (carcinomas) on the larger roots. This is followed by rotting of the affected parts and the entire root system is destroyed. In the aboveground part of the stump the symptoms are manifested as delayed germination, chlorosis, drying of leaves, premature defoliation and finally drying of the whole plant. In American species, the root system is affected, but they have the ability to rapidly establish corky tissue that prevents the damage from spreading, showing resistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enemy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a polymorphic aphid. The adult is flightless, 0.8-1.2 mm long.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The mode of perpetuation of grapevine phylloxera in European vines differs from that in American species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The European vine is dominated by the rhizobial form and in rare cases cetacean individuals are produced. It usually spreads as a larva in the soil and feeds on the plant juices of the roots. It has several generations per year (up to 12-15).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In American Vitis species, which are its main hosts, it occurs in 5 different forms:<br>1) phyllobic or cetacean<br>2) rhizobia<br>3) phylogeny<br>4) male<br>5) female<br>It spreads in the form of a winter egg under dry bark or in sheltered places in the bark of the trunk or arms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Grapevine phylloxeraa is transmitted and spread by many means, such as movement of insect individuals in or out of the soil, with infected parts (e.g. cuttings), contaminated soil, stakes, tools and grape packing materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Treatment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Control is achieved only by replanting and planting inoculated varieties on American rootstocks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Source<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bayercropscience.gr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.bayercropscience.gr<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabidigitallibrary.org\/doi\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.56511\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Viteus vitifoliae (grapevine phylloxera)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phylloxera\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phylloxera<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Grapevine phylloxera originated in North America and spread to Europe. In Greece it was first recorded in 1892-1908 on the islands of the eastern Aegean Sea and in 1898 in Pylaia, Thessaloniki. Grapevine phylloxera insect had previously caused in Greece the total destruction of vineyards (native vineyards) over a large area and still exists as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":1228,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":1,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[724,52],"class_list":["post-1229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plant-diseases-pests","tag-plants-enemy","tag-vineyard"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Grapevine phylloxera - KALLIERGO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Grapevine phylloxera had previously caused in Greece the total destruction of vineyards. 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Every day I learn new things. I am experiencing what Greek philosopher Socrates said: \"all I know is that I know nothing\" (\"\u0395\u03bd \u039f\u03af\u03b4\u03b1, \u038c\u03c4\u03b9 \u039f\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd \u039f\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\"). I perceive my self as always a student. I created kalliergo.gr back in 2010, charmed by the plants magical world. I am a Biomedical Engineer, holding a MSc degree on E-Business. For a living I help businesses to grow online. I am not an agronomist but wish I had also a degree on agronomy. I hope that you will find interesting and helpful information on KALLIERGO.","url":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/author\/ilias\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/c64f4664160405f01e244b59502454f6.jpg",600,438,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/c64f4664160405f01e244b59502454f6-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/c64f4664160405f01e244b59502454f6-300x219.jpg",300,219,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/c64f4664160405f01e244b59502454f6.jpg",600,438,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/c64f4664160405f01e244b59502454f6.jpg",600,438,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/c64f4664160405f01e244b59502454f6.jpg",600,438,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/c64f4664160405f01e244b59502454f6.jpg",600,438,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Ilias Antonopoulos","author_link":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/author\/ilias\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Grapevine phylloxera originated in North America and spread to Europe. In Greece it was first recorded in 1892-1908 on the islands of the eastern Aegean Sea and in 1898 in Pylaia, Thessaloniki. Grapevine phylloxera insect had previously caused in Greece the total destruction of vineyards (native vineyards) over a large area and still exists as&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1229"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1229\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kalliergo.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}